Last modified: 2018-09-28
Abstract
Mangrove forests in Balikpapan Bay has been provided invaluable ecosystem services for thousand fisherman and nearby communities more than one and half centuries. Their income depended on the mangrove for forestry and fishery products in coastal waters that were inhabited by mangrove-dependent fish. However, the mangrove recently converted to be primary industry centers(e.g., shrimp ponds, oil and mining, and cements), which caused the destruction of some tree species and aquatic organisms. Furthermore, the severe oil spill contributed mangrove damaged. This study used qualitativeand quantitative approaches to analysed the increment of timber and non-timber forest products of mangrove forests in Balikpapan bay.The direct use value of wood is lower than the bioaquatic value.